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Six Types of Training and Development Methods

1.On-the-job Training and Lectures

The two most regularly used kinds of training are on-the-job training and lectures, though little research exists as to the effectiveness of either. It is often impossible to show somebody everything she must know at a location away from the workplace. Thus on-the-job training usually supplements different kinds of training, e.g., classroom or off-site training; however on-the-job training is steadily the only type of training. It is usually casual, which means, unfortunately, that the trainer does not concentrate on the training as much as she should, and the trainer might not have a well-articulated picture of what the novice needs to learn.

On-the-job training is just not profitable when used to avoid creating a training program, though it may be an effective part of a well-coordinated training program.

Lectures are used because of their low price and their capacity to succeed in many people. Lectures, which use one-way communication versus interactive learning methods, are a lot criticized as a training device.

2. Programmed Instruction (PI)

These gadgets systematically present data to the learner and elicit a response; they use reinforcement rules to promote appropriate responses. When PI was originally developed in the Nineteen Fifties, it was considered helpful only for fundamental subjects. As we speak the method is used for skills as diverse as air traffic control, blueprint reading, and the analysis of tax returns.

3. Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI)

With CAI, students can be taught at their own pace, as with PI. Because the student interacts with the computer, it is believed by many to be a more dynamic learning device. Instructional alternatives will be quickly selected to suit the student's capabilities, and performance will be monitored continuously. As instruction proceeds, data are gathered for monitoring and improving performance.

4. Audiovisual Strategies

Both television and film extend the range of skills that may be taught and the way information may be presented. Many systems have electronic blackboards and slide projection equipment. Using methods that mix audiovisual systems comparable to closed circuit television and telephones has spawned a new term for this type of training, teletraining. The feature on " Sesame Street " illustrates the design and analysis of one in every of television's favorite children's program as a training device.

5. Simulations

Training simulations replicate the essential characteristics of the real world which can be necessary to produce both learning and the switch of new knowledge and skills to application settings. Both machine and different forms of simulators exist. Machine simulators often have substantial degrees of. physical fidelity; that's, they represent the real world's operational equipment. The principle goal of simulation, nonetheless, is to produce psychological fidelity, that is, to reproduce in the training these processes that will be required on the job. We simulate for a number of reasons, including to control the training atmosphere, for safety, to introduce feedback and different learning principles, and to reduce cost.

6. Enterprise games

They are the direct progeny of war games that have been used to train officers in fight strategies for hundreds of years. Almost all early business games had been designed to show primary business skills, however more current games also include interpersonal skills. Monopoly could be considered the quintessential enterprise game for young capitalists. It's probably the primary place kids learned the words mortgage, taxes, and go to jail.

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